Apa how many authors before et al

Do not create a separate reference list for your appendices. Something is only worth including as an appendix if you refer to information from it at some point in the text e. You should also acknowledge the original source in the note or caption for the table or figure.

A list of tables and list of figures appear in that order after your table of contents , and are presented in a similar way. This is often the case when you need to communicate a large amount of information.

If the data you need to present only contains a few relevant numbers, try summarizing it in the text potentially including full data in an appendix. If describing the data makes your text overly long and difficult to read, a table or figure may be the best option.

In an APA Style paper , the abstract is placed on a separate page after the title page page 2. An APA abstract is around — words long. In APA Style , all sources that are not retrievable for the reader are cited as personal communications.

Common examples include conversations, emails, messages, letters, and unrecorded interviews or performances. Interviews you conducted yourself are not included in your reference list , but instead cited in the text as personal communications.

Published or recorded interviews are included in the reference list. Cite them in the usual format of the source type for example, a newspaper article , website or YouTube video. Dorsey, J. To cite content from social media that is not publicly accessible e.

James, Twitter direct message, March 25, When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your in-text citation. If there are no page numbers e. Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e. When no author at all can be determined—e.

In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary. APA Style usually does not require an access date.

You never need to include one when citing journal articles , e-books , or other stable online sources. However, the 6th edition, published in , is still used by many universities and journals. The APA Manual 7th edition can be purchased at Amazon as a hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version.

You can also buy an ebook version at RedShelf. The American Psychological Association anticipates that most people will start using the 7th edition in the spring of or thereafter. In the 7th edition of the APA manual, no location information is required for publishers.

The 6th edition previously required you to include the city and state where the publisher was located, but this is no longer the case. In an APA reference list , journal article citations include only the year of publication, not the exact date, month, or season.

Hawi, N. The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review , 35 5 , — Note that the author can also be an organization. For example: American Psychological Association, Always include page numbers in the APA in-text citation when quoting a source.

If your source does not have page numbers, you can use an alternative locator such as a timestamp, chapter heading or paragraph number. Enclose the title in double quotation marks when citing an article, web page or book chapter.

Italicize the title of periodicals, books, and reports. For example: Johnson, n. APA Style papers should be written in a font that is legible and widely accessible. The same font and font size is used throughout the document, including the running head , page numbers, headings , and the reference page. Text in footnotes and figure images may be smaller and use single line spacing.

APA citations consist of an in-text citation and reference entry. Each source type has its own format; for example, a webpage citation is different from a book citation. APA format is widely used by professionals, researchers, and students in the social and behavioral sciences, including fields like education, psychology, and business.

Be sure to check the guidelines of your university or the journal you want to be published in to double-check which style you should be using. Yes, page numbers are included on all pages, including the title page , table of contents , and reference page. Page numbers should be right-aligned in the page header.

Want to contact us directly? No problem. We are always here for you. Scribbr specializes in editing study-related documents. We proofread:. Final Last Name, F. Virani, S. Heard, D. Heart disease and stroke statistics— update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation , E—E The powers that be at the APA citation style believe this change will be a welcome one for authors, as it gives more of them credit for their contributions.

If the number of authors in the source is 20 or less, list all author names. If the number of authors is more than 20, list the first 19 author names followed by an ellipsis and then add the final author name. An example of the beginning of a reference entry having more than 20 authors is given below:. Author Surname1, F.

Last Author Surname, F. Publication Year. Alvarez, L. A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al. Six or More Authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses.

Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when they are written in the text but not when they are written in reference lists. Note : In the rare case the "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name Anonymous, In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author. Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.

If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list viz. Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works from the same author, list the years of publication in sequence, with the earliest first.

Provide in-press citations last. Only list authors' surnames once for each list of dates. Following this pattern, multiple works from multiple authors can be contained within a single parenthetical. Separate authors' sources with a semicolon. Note, however, that the authors' names should be provided in the order they appear in the reference list regardless of when their sources were published.

Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters a, b, c with the year to order the entries in the reference list.